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Riverview Hospital was a Canadian mental health facility located in Coquitlam, British Columbia, operating under the governance of BC Mental Health & Addiction Services. It closed in July 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bcmhas.ca/AboutUs/News/Riverview_Redevelopment/default.htm )〕 At one time Riverview Hospital was known as Essondale Hospital, for Dr. Henry Esson Young (1862-1939) who played an important role in establishing the facility. Essondale Hospital is not to be confused with the Essondale neighbourhood where the hospital is located. ==History== In 1876, Royal Hospital in Victoria was converted to British Columbia's first facility to house mentally ill patients. Due to overcrowding, Royal Hospital was closed and the patients moved to the new Provincial Asylum for the Insane in 1878. Again facing problems of overcrowding at the turn of the century, in 1904 the provincial government purchased in then-rural Coquitlam for the construction of Riverview Hospital and the adjacent Colony Farm lands. Patients were originally housed in temporary buildings, and in 1913 the building that would eventually be called ''West Lawn'' began treating the 300 most seriously ill male patients. The building was originally constructed to hold 480 patients. By the end of the year it housed 919. By this time, Colony Farm was producing over 700 tons of crops and 20,000 gallons of milk in a year, using mostly patient labour. British Columbia's first Provincial Botanist, John Davidson, established an arboretum, nursery and a botanical garden on the hospital lands, often with the assistance of patients as there was a belief in the therapeutic value.〔Botany John Virtual Museum Website: () Retrieved on 27 April 2010,〕 The botanical garden was moved to the new University of British Columbia in 1916, but the arboretum and nursery remained.〔Teachers Law Institutes: (History of Riverview ) Retrieved on 2 May 2009〕 In 1924, the Acute Psychopathic Unit, later called ''Centre Lawn'', opened. Then in 1930, the 675-bed Female Chronic Unit (later called ''East Lawn'') opened due to overcrowding.〔 The first phase of what would eventually be called the ''Crease Clinic'', the Veteran's Unit opened in 1934, with the second phase opened in 1949, giving Riverview its most iconic building. Finally in 1955, the Tuberculosis Unit (now called ''North Lawn'') opened, marking the peak of patient residence.〔 By 1956 the hospital had reached 4,306 patients up from 450 in 1913. In 1959 the charge of mental health services was transferred from the Provincial Secretary to the newly formed Department of Health Services. The transfer was followed by a transition from custodial care to the more active psychiatric care of patients.〔 In 1967 Dr. Davidson resigned as Deputy Minister and was replaced by Dr F.G. Tucker, a resident physician of Essondale (Riverview) from 1953 who, in 1959, became the Clinical Director of the Crease Clinic. A steady decline in beds and facilities started in the 1960s and continued up to 2004 at which point there were only 800 beds. It is said that the reason for the decreasing number was initially due to the introduction of anti-psychotic medications and the development of psychiatric units in acute care hospitals as well as a move toward outpatient care. As early as 1967 a decision had been made to downsize Riverview Hospital. The decision was first brought up officially on paper three years after the publication of the Mental Health Act of 1964 that intended to have mental health care be as readily available to the population as that of physical health. The two acts worked in conjunction so that by 1970 there were 17 Mental Health Centres in British Columbia, 12 of which had opened within the previous 4 years.〔 Decreases continued. In 1969 the Provincial Government appointed a committee to review the role of the Mental Health Branch of social services in British Columbia. The committee decided to further downsize Riverview in a stated plan to implement other community care centres. As further closures were being planned, legislation was also passed in 1969 that deemed Riverview an “open hospital” allowing private practitioners to send their patients to Riverview. A shift away from directors trained in psychiatry to administrative ones was marked. As services and beds at Riverview continuously decreased, while opening access of it through private practice, another official plan to entirely close Riverview Hospital was written in 1987: ''A Draft Plan to Replace Riverview Hospital''.〔 Regional clinics began drawing patients from Riverview, and both advances in treatment and eventual cutbacks in funding resulted in fewer people receiving mental health care province-wide. In 1983, West Lawn closed and farming operations at Colony Farm were discontinued. In 1984, the provincial government sold of Riverview lands to Molnar Developments. Shortly afterward, this land was subdivided and became Riverview Heights, with about 250 single family homes. In 1985 an acute geriatric unit was opened at Riverview Hospital. In 1988 management of the hospital was officially transferred from the directors to a board of provincially appointed trustees.〔 The shift was an anticipated one, as the Report of the Mental Health Planning Survey of 1979 states: “What began as the sensible idea of using non-medical, trained administers for administrative tasks, has subtly become the use of untrained non-medical administrators, and a simultaneous denial of the psychiatrist's role in clinical leadership." The shift had been happening from the early 1960s and has been argued to be one of the reasons for the 1969 committee's decision to downsize Riverview and decrease funding. The board, as far less experienced in psychiatry than the original managers who held doctorates and who were trained psychiatrists, were again replaced in 1992 by another board without trustees that was said to give a broader representation of concerns including those of consumers (), businesses, and union and community agencies.〔 By 1990 the decision had officially been made to reduce Riverview to a 358 bed facility with the supposed intention of opening regional care facilities throughout the province as stated in the Mental Health Initiative. In 1992 Listening: A Review of Riverview Report was published as an attempt to resolve the complaints of patients and their family members that had gone ignored for years. The report “emphasizes that a full assessment of patients' decision-making abilities and personal support network is necessary, and that a patient be notified and given an opportunity to object before an incapability certificate is completed”. The new rights of patients was implemented less than a decade before the hospital was entirely shut down. Also in 1992, the Crease Clinic closed. By the year 2002 there were 800 beds in all of Riverview. In 2004 it was stated that by 2007, 400 new beds would open in other areas of British Columbia for mental health services but places and dates were never mentioned. Neither did the report state how many beds would be removed from Riverview.〔 In 2005 the East Lawn building closed, in 2007 the North Lawn building was closed, and in 2012 the last patients were moved from Centre Lawn, and Riverview Hospital closed. Evidently the number of beds taken away and the number of beds stated to be implemented, and the smaller amount that were actually implemented do not even out to the amount of beds that were closed at Riverview. Other buildings on Riverview Hospital grounds continued as mental health facilities. In 2005, the city's task force on the hospital lands rejected the idea of further housing on the lands and declared that the lands and buildings should be protected and remain as a mental health facility.〔City of Coquitlam: (Riverview Hospital Lands ) Retrieved on 15 February 2009〕 In 2009, Riverview Hospital was added to the Canadian Register of Historic Places.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=11074&pid=0 )〕 Other mental health facilities have been constructed on the Riverview grounds, the first being Connolly Lodge, which opened 1 March 2002; Cottonwood Lodge opened a few years later, and Cypress Lodge on 23 April 2010. Together these three lodges have beds for 64 patients. In addition, 12 Cottages are still in use for residential Patient care by the Forensic Hospital.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fraserhealth.ca/about_us/building_for_better_health/riverview_redevelopment_project/milestones/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Riverview Hospital (Coquitlam)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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